Efectos en la morfología fluvial inducidos por obras de protección de márgenes

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-2026-04-03

Palabras clave:

ingeniería fluvial y lacustre, erosión del suelo, sedimentación, río, modelos matemáticos, hidrodinámica, geomorfología

Resumen

La intervención antrópica en cauces naturales con frecuencia induce un aumento de la erosión en sus márgenes, un fenómeno que se aborda por lo común mediante la construcción de diques y espigones. Estas estructuras buscan reducir la velocidad del flujo y la turbulencia en las cercanías de las bancas del cauce, limitando su migración natural. Sin embargo, esta restricción de la dinámica fluvial favorece los procesos de sedimentación y erosión, alterando la geometría y morfología de los cauces. A menudo, las obras de protección se implementan sin considerar los efectos que pueden generar en la margen opuesta. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar, mediante un modelo numérico bidimensional, los efectos inducidos por dichas obras en la morfología de las márgenes no protegidas. Los resultados indican que, a mayor inclinación en planta de las estructuras y a mayor longitud de estas, se incrementa el control sobre los procesos naturales en las márgenes. Además, cuando ambas márgenes son protegidas, se observa una mayor reducción de la erosión en la zona aguas arriba, en comparación con la intervención unilateral de la zona afectada.

Referencias

Abad, J. D., & García, M. H. (2005). Hydrodynamics in kinoshita-generated meandering bends: Importance for river-planform evolution. In: Procedures, 4th IAHR Symp. on River, Coastal and Estuarine Morphodynamics, RCEM (pp. 761-771). https://doi.org/10.1201/9781439833896.ch83

Akbari, M., Vaghefi, M., & Chiew, Y.-M. (2021). Effect of T-shaped spur dike length on mean flow characteristics along a 180-degree sharp bend. Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics, 69(1), 98-107. https://doi.org/10.2478/johh-2020-0045

Beck, S. M. (1988). Computer-simulated deformation of meandering river patterns (Doctoral Thesis). Minneapolis-Saint Paul: University of Minnesota, USA. https://www.proquest.com/openview/829892ff4a3eee2d2bd34e337a5ae777/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y

Bermúdez, J. (2013). Geometrías sintéticas en estudios morfodinámicos. Revista de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território, 4(1), 29-45.

Brown, R., Pasternack, G., & Wallender, W. (2014). Synthetic river valleys: Creating prescribed topography for form–process inquiry and river rehabilitation design. Geomorphology, 214, 40-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.02.025

Chabokpour, J. (2024). Numerical simulation of optimum groyne arrangement for preventing bank erosion (Case study of Ghezel-Ozan River. Research Square, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4623183/v1

De Boer, D., Hassan, M., MacVicar, B., & Stone, M. (2005). Recent (1999--2003) Canadian research on contemporary processes of river erosion and sedimentation, and river mechanics. Hydrological Processes: An International Journal, 19(1), 265-283. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5767

Evangelista, S., Giovinco, G., & Kocaman, S. (2017). A multi-parameter calibration method for the numerical simulation of morphodynamic problems. Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics, 65(2), 175-182. https://doi.org/10.1515/johh-2017-0014

Ferguson, R. I. (2012). River channel slope, flow resistance, and gravel entrainment thresholds. Water Resources Research, 48(5). https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010850

Gilbert, G. K. (1917). Hydraulic-mining debris in the Sierra Nevada (105 ed.). US Government Printing Office. https://books.google.com.co/books?hl=es&lr=&id=D3TnAAAAMAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA146&dq=Gilbert,+G.+K.+(1917).+Hydraulic-mining+debris+in+the+Sierra+Nevada.+US+Government+Printing+Office.+&ots=Ge7zxxnjpp&sig=t3ROHetBYXsAlZ9fAeurkcJ4y6k&redir_esc=y#v=

Gisonni, C., & Willi, H. (2008). Spur failure in river engineering. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 134(2), 135-145. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:2(135)

Gregory, K. J. (2006). The human role in changing river channels. Geomorphology, 79(3-4), 172-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.06.018

Güneralp, İ., Abad, J. D., Zolezzi, G., & Hooke, J. (2012). Advances and challenges in meandering channels research. Geomorphology, 163, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.04.011

Jianchun, H., Greimann, B. P., & Randle, T. J. (2014). Modelling of meander migration in an incised channel. International Journal of Sediment Research, 29(4), 441-453. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-6279(14)60058-5

Kinoshita, R. (1961). Investigation of channel deformation in Ishikari River. Report of Bureau of Resources, 174.

Leopold, L. B., & Langbein, W. B. (1966). River meanders. Scientific American, 214(6), 60-73. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0666-60

Lesser, G. R., Roelvink, J., van Kester, J., & Stelling, G. (2007). Development and validation of a three-dimensional morphological model. Coastal Engineering, 51(8-9), 883-915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2004.07.014

Meade, R. H., & Moody, J. A. (2009). Causes for the decline of suspended-sediment discharge in the Mississippi River system. Hydrological Processes, 35-49. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7477

Morgan, J. A., Kumar, N., Horner-Devine, A. R., Ahrendt, S., Istanbullouglu, E., & Bandaragoda, C. (2020). The use of a morphological acceleration factor in the simulation of large-scale fluvial morphodynamics. Geomorphology, 356, 107088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107088

Motta, D., Abad, J. D., Langendoen, E. J., & García, M. H. (2012). A simplified 2D model for meander migration with physically-based bank evolution. Geomorphology, 163, 10-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.06.036

Nelson, J. M., Shimizu, Y., Abe, T., Asahi, K., Gamou, M., Inoue, T. et al. (2016). The international river interface cooperative: Public domain flow and morphodynamics software for education and applications. Advances in Water Resources, 93, 62-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.09.017

Oberkampf, W. L., Trucano, T. G., & Hirsch, C. (2004). Verification, validation, and predictive capability in computational engineering and physics. Applied Mechanics Reviews, 57(5), 345-384. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1767847

Overeem, I., Kettner, A., & Syvitski, J. (2013). 9.40 Impacts of humans on river fluxes and morphology. Treatise of Geomorphology, 9, 828-842. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00267-0

Parker, G., & Andrews, E. D. (1986). On the time development of meander bends. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 162, 139-156. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112086001970

Parker, G., Diplas, P., & Akiyama, J. (1983). Meander bends of high amplitude. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 109(10), 1323-1337. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1983)109:10(1323)

Prasad, S. K., Indulekha, K., & Balan, K. (2016). Analysis of groyne placement on minimising river bank erosion. Procedia Technology, 24, 47-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2016.05.008

Rodriguez-Iturbe, I., & Rinaldo, A. (2001). Fractal river basins: Chance and Self-Organization. Cambridge University Press. https://hdl.handle.net/11577/3178351

Shoarinezhad, V., Wieprecht, S., & Haun, S. (2020). Comparison of local and global optimization methods for calibration of a 3D morphodynamic model of a curved channel. Water, 12(5), 1333. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051333

Thomann, R. V. (1998). The future “golden age” of predictive models for surface water quality and ecosystem management. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 124(2), 94-103. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1998)124:2(94)

Vargas-Luna, A., Duró, G., Crosato, A., & Uijttewaal, W. (2019). Morphological adaptation of river channels to vegetation establishment: A laboratory study. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 124(7), 1981-1995. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JF004878

Xu, D., & Bai, Y. (2013). Experimental study on the bed topography evolution in alluvial meandering rivers with various sinuousnesses. Journal of Hydro-environment Research, 7(2), 92-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jher.2012.06.003

Yen, B. C. (1992). Dimensionally homogeneous Manning's formula. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 118(9), 1326-1332. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1992)118:9(1326)

Zhang, P., Yang, S., Hu, J., Li, W., Xuhui, F., & Li, D. (2020). A new method for extracting spanwise vortex from 2D particle image. Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechaniscs, 68(3), 242-248. https://doi.org/10.2478/johh-2020-0020

Descargas

Publicado

2026-07-01

Número

Sección

Artículos

Cómo citar

Niño-Vega, R., & Vargas-Luna, A. (2026). Efectos en la morfología fluvial inducidos por obras de protección de márgenes. Tecnología Y Ciencias Del Agua, 17(4), 72-122. https://doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-2026-04-03