Water balance in coffee-growing regions through evaporation deficit
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-2026-01-05Keywords:
Rainfall, evaporation, climatic zones, evapotranspiration, coffee growing, MexicoAbstract
Mexican coffee-growing area is zoned geographically, but given its climatic diversity, this classification hardly captures environmental homogeneity and does not represent the adaptive conditions of the crop. Evapotranspiration is intended to identify the regional moisture output and, although it is accepted by academia, it is estimated, and the quality of the information generated depends on the predictive capacity of the algorithm or the efficiency of the model used. Therefore, an evaluative indicator of the water balance (BH) of the coffee-growing area of Oaxaca, Puebla and Veracruz was proposed with the wet and dry periods defined by their rainfall. Monthly precipitation and evaporation data were collected from the area studied, whose quotient was called “evaporation deficit (DE)” (DE > 1.0: excess, DE < 1.0: deficit). The wet season (PH = June-September) and dry season (PS = November-April) were delimited, with PH; and the rainiest month of the year, areas with homogeneous rainfall were delimited (PP6 = June, PP7 = July, PP8 = August, PP9 = September); with the calculation of the DE and its modification, the DEP1 (quotient of the DE in PS vs. annual DE and its relation to the DE in January) areas with homogeneous humidity were delimited and DEPH was validated with the trend in PS, and the calculation of the DE by month and specific site. DEP1 is a climatic index that detects temporal and spatial variations in the BH of coffee-growing areas (R2 = 0.92) and will contribute to managing water resources and evaluating the environmental adaptation of the crop.
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