Optimización del comportamiento hidráulico de vertederos laberínticos asimétricos con arcos triangulares: análisis experimental de la eficiencia de descarga y variaciones geométricas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-2026-01-08Keywords:
vertedero laberíntico, vertedero de plano triangular, PKW, coeficiente de descargaAbstract
Este estudio examina el rendimiento hidráulico de vertederos laberínticos asimétricos con arcos triangulares y ciclos intermedios variables, centrándose en la optimización del coeficiente de descarga (Cd) bajo diferentes condiciones geométricas e hidráulicas. Se llevaron a cabo investigaciones experimentales en un canal con vertederos de arcos triangulares que presentaban ángulos de arco de 45°, 90° y 135°. Los resultados indican que el Cd más alto, de 0.949, se logró a un número de Froude (Fr) de 1.64 y un ángulo de arco de 90°, lo que demostró un rendimiento hidráulico óptimo. Los ciclos intermedios más anchos (R/W1 = 3.2) mejoraron el Cd a 0.949, mientras que los ciclos más estrechos (R/W1 = 2.5) produjeron un Cd más bajo de 0.633 debido al aumento de la turbulencia y la interferencia del flujo. Las curvas Q-Ht revelaron que la reducción del ancho del morro (W1) incrementó los niveles de agua aguas arriba y mejoró la descarga a bajos caudales, pero redujo la eficiencia a descargas más altas debido a la turbulencia. Estos hallazgos confirman que la modificación de los ciclos intermedios y la optimización de los ángulos de arco pueden mejorar significativamente la eficiencia hidráulica.
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