Análisis empírico de la longitud de rodillos de salto hidráulico en canales compuestos inclinados con diferentes coeficientes de rugosidad

Djamel Besser; Ali Ghomri; Haroun Khechiba; Ibtissam Herri

doi:10.24850/j-tyca-2026-06-04

Authors

Djamel Besser University of El Oued-Faculty of Technology-Renewable Energy Development Unit in Arid Regions (UDERZA), El Oued, Algeria https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0530-9090
Ali Ghomri University of Biskra-Research Laboratory in Underground and Surface Hydraulics, Biskra, Algeria. University of El Oued-Faculty of Technology-Hydraulic & Civil Engineering Department, El Oued, Algeria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0384-7525
Haroun Khechiba University of El Oued-Faculty of Technology-Renewable Energy Development Unit in Arid Regions (UDERZA), El Oued, Algeria https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9147-1303
Ibtissam Herri University of El Oued-Faculty of Technology-Renewable Energy Development Unit in Arid Regions (UDERZA), El Oued, Algeria https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7120-2483

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-2026-06-04

Keywords:

salto hidráulico, hidrodinámica, ingeniería hidráulica, estructura hidráulica, investigación empírica, modelo matemático

Abstract

El salto hidráulico es un fenómeno de transición fundamental entre el flujo supercrítico y subcrítico en canales abiertos, que desempeña un papel fundamental en la estabilización de los sistemas hidráulicos, la disipación de energía y la prevención de la socavación aguas abajo de las estructuras hidráulicas. Este estudio investiga los efectos combinados de la pendiente del canal y la rugosidad principal del lecho en un canal compuesto rectangular sobre las características del salto hidráulico. Se realizaron experimentos de laboratorio utilizando un canal de 10 metros equipado con pendientes longitudinales ajustables y superficies rugosas de diferentes diámetros. El estudio se centró en determinar la longitud relativa del rodillo (L_r/h₁) bajo diferentes números de Froude, pendientes y condiciones de rugosidad aguas arriba. Los resultados muestran que la longitud relativa del rodillo aumenta con el número de Froude, pero disminuye con el aumento de la rugosidad del lecho. Se desarrolló una ecuación predictiva global que integra el número de Froude, la pendiente y la rugosidad, que demostró una excelente concordancia con los datos experimentales (R² = 0.9985) y bajos márgenes de error. Esto confirma la robustez del modelo y su potencial para la aplicación práctica en el diseño de cuencas amortiguadoras y sistemas de disipación de energía hidráulica.

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