Un análisis de la escasez de agua en una ciudad sujeta a sequías: el caso de la ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, México
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-2020-02-01Keywords:
manejo del agua, Ensenada, Baja California, escasez del aguaAbstract
La ciudad de Ensenada depende de agua subterránea, en particular de los acuíferos de Maneadero y Guadalupe como fuente de agua para irrigación agrícola, uso urbano y como soporte para un rango de funciones ecosistémicas. Debido a su alta tasa de extracción, los niveles de los acuíferos han disminuido y existe escasez de agua en la región. Entre las soluciones implementadas por el gobierno del estado de Baja California está la construcción de una planta desaladora en Ensenada, para suplir agua para uso urbano; la construcción de un nuevo acueducto para traer agua del sistema rÃo Colorado-Tijuana, y la implementación de reúso de agua para irrigación e infiltración de acuíferos. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar tales alternativas para mitigar la escasez de agua en la región de Ensenada, al comparar sus costos y discutir posibles soluciones. Se encontró que el reúso de agua residual tratada para irrigación e infiltración de acuíferos podría restaurar los efectos de la sobreexplotación de los acuíferos a largo plazo y es la más costo-efectiva desde los puntos de vista económico y ambiental. La construcción de una planta desaladora y transportar agua desde el acueducto RÃo Colorado-Tijuana son importantes pasos para proveer agua a Ensenada, pero son menos adecuados por el impacto ambiental que pudiera causar y su dependencia a una cuenca altamente impactada.
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