Hydrogeochemical and isotopic processes that control the chemical variability of the waters in a sector of the Región Carbonífera Aquifer, Coahuila
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-2024-03-02Keywords:
Hydrochemistry, stable isotopes, Región Carbonífera AquiferAbstract
The Region Carbonifera Aquifer is one of the 28 existing hydrogeological systems in the State of Coahuila and one of those that suffer the most pressure due to mining activity and overexploitation. This study is framed in the western portion of the aquifer, encompassing the Ejido Morelos and the Colonia El Nacimiento, both in the Melchor Muzquiz municipality. In this area, 14 sites were sampled (4 wells, 6 norias, 2 springs, and 2 sections of the Sabinas River) with the aim to characterize these water bodies from the hydrogeochemical and isotopic point of view, thus obtaining a conceptual model of this sector. The results obtained show the chemical variability of the sampled waters, classifying waters as bicarbonate-calcium, bicarbonate-sodium, sulfated-calcium, and chloride-sodium, which supports the occurrence of various processes that affect the quality of the resource, among them the salinity. From the isotopic point of view, a meteoric origin is proposed for most water bodies under study, whose recharge zone comes from Santa Rosa mountains. However, surface evaporation, the dissolution of salts, and ionic exchange processes generate chemical variability and isotopic fractionation, which conditions heavier isotopic signatures and more enriched and saline waters. These elements are represented in a conceptual hydrochemical and isotopic model, which integrates both interpretations and shows the hydrogeological complexity of the region in terms of the quality of the resource.
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