Methodologies and studies on counterflow wet cooling towers: strategies for reducing water losses through evaporation and drift
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24850/j-tyca-2025-06-06Keywords:
Counter flow cooling tower, water droplets, evaporation, dragAbstract
This paper presents a comparison of studies carried out on counterflow cooling towers to synthesize contributions, studies and methodologies that provide a recent context for the current state of research in this field. This work starts from the basic fundamentals of cooling towers, their study sections and problems to be solved, with a focus on water consumption in evaporative processes by heat transfer in water droplets to calculate water losses by evaporation and drag. The fundamentals of cooling towers and general applications are reviewed and discussed, as well as the common research methods used in cooling towers, emphasizing the particular characteristics according to the type of study; whether from the point of view of cooling tower design, the characteristics that affect its operation or performance, the fundamentals of energy analysis, suggestions for carrying out numerical studies and CFD simulations, in addition to their corresponding validation through experimental studies. The information gathered in this paper provides an overview and simplifies the essential advances in reducing evaporation and drag losses in counterflow cooling towers, the characteristics and trends in the development of computational mathematical models, and recommendations for carrying out theoretical and experimental studies for better understanding of heat and mass transfer mechanisms.
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